Èç¹ûÒªÎʷƶûÆÕ˹¡¢±È¶û¡¤¸Ç´Ä¡¢ÂÞÓÀºÆÕâÈýÈËÓÐʲô¹²Í¬µã£¿´ð°¸ÊÇ£¬ËûÃǶ¼ÊÇ ADHD »¼Õß¡£
Ëùν ADHD£¬¾ÍÊÇ¡°×¢ÒâÁ¦È±ÏݺͶදÕÏ°£¨Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder£©¡±µÄÓ¢ÎÄËõд£¬¸ü³£¼ûµÄ˵·¨½Ð¡°¶à¶¯Ö¢¡±¡£ÏëÆðËü£¬ºÜ¶àÈËÄÔº£ÀïÁ¢Âí¾Í»á¸¡ÏÖ³öÒ»¸öÔÚ¸ßÌúÉ϶«±¼Î÷ÅÜ¡¢´ó³³´óÄÖµÄÐܺ¢×ÓÐÎÏó¡£ µ«Æäʵ£¬³ýÁ˱»¡°´ó A¡±Å°ÉÏǧǧ±é£¬Ò»Ð©³ÉÄêÈËÒ²»á±¥ÊÜ ADHD µÄÀ§ÈÅ£¬ÒªÃ´ÍÏÑÓ°©ÍíÆÚ£¬¿ÚÍ·ìøÊÇ¡°µÈ»áÔÙ˵¡±£»ÒªÃ´ÈÕ³£ÎÞ·¨¼¯ÖÐ×¢ÒâÁ¦£¬¸É»îÒ»·ÖÖÓ£¬Ë¢ÊÖ»úһСʱ£»»¹ÓеÄÉíÌå·Â·ðÓÀ¶¯»ú£¬¾²Ö¹²»ÁËÒ»µã¡£ ¾¿¾¹Ê²Ã´²ÅËãµÃÁË ADHD£¿»¼ ADHD µÄÈËÉú»¹ÓоÈÂ𣿠×Ô´ÓÈ·Õï ADHD£¬ÈËÉú¶¼µÃµ½Á˽âÊÍ
´Ó NPD£¨×ÔÁµÐÍÈ˸ñÕÏ°£©¡¢ASD£¨¹Â¶ÀÖ¢Æ×ϵÕÏ°£©£¬ÔÙµ½ ADHD£¬ÕâЩÄ꣬ÕâЩÐÄÀíѧÃû´ÊµÄÈȶȼ±ËÙÅÊÉý£¬¿´¸öµçÊÓ½ÚÄ¿£¬¹ÛÖÚ¶¼È̲»×¡¸øÆæÝâ¼Î±ö°²Ò»¸ö¼²²¡¡£ÔÚ×ÛÒÕ¡¶ÔÙ¼û°®ÈË¡·ÀÀîÐÐÁÁÒ²ÔøÌáµ½£¬×Ô¼ºµÄÅ®¶ùÒòΪעÒâÁ¦È±ÏÝ£¬Ò»Ä꼶ʱÊýѧ³É¼¨Ö»ÓÐ20·Ö¡£ Èç½ñ£¬»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÄêÇáÈË×ÔÎÒÈ·Õï ADHD£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ I ÈË»¹ÊÇ E ÈË£¬¶¼¿ÉÄÜ×Գơ°A ÈË¡±¡£Ð¡ºìÊéÉϹØÓÚ ADHD µÄ»°Ìâä¯ÀÀÁ¿¸ß´ï°ËǧÍò£¬ÓÐЩÈËÁ˽â ADHD ºó£¬ÓÐÈçõ®õ¹à¶¥£¬·Â·ðÕû¸öÈËÉú¶¼µÃµ½Á˽âÊÍ£ºÔÀ´×Ô¼ºµÄÍÏÑÓÓ벻רÐÄ£¬²»ÊÇÒòΪÀÁºÍÀÛ£¬¶øÊÇ¿ÉÄÜ¡°Éú²¡ÁË¡±¡£ °´ÕÕ¡¶¾«ÉñÕÏ°Õï¶ÏÓëͳ¼ÆÊֲᡷµÚÎå°æ£¨DSM-5£©µÄ±ê×¼£¬ADHD ÓÐÈýÖÖÑÇÐÍ£¬Ò»ÖÖÊÇ×¢ÒâÁ¦È±ÏÝ£¬±íÏÖΪÎÞ·¨¿ØÖÆ×¢ÒâÁ¦£¬Ò»ÖÖÔòÊÇÎÞ·¨¿ØÖÆÐÐΪºÍÇéÐ÷£¬¼òµ¥ËµÀ´¾ÍÊǶද£¬»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖÔòÊǺϲ¢ÐÍ£¬½áºÏÁËÇ°Á½ÖÖµÄ Ö¢×´ [1]¡£ ¶ÔÓÚÕâ¸ö¼²²¡£¬ÈÕ±¾Ò½Éú˾ÂíÀíÓ¢×ÓÌá³öÁËÒ»¸öÊ®·ÖÐÎÏóµÄÃû×Ö¡ª¡ª¡°´óÐÛ-ÅÖ»¢×ÛºÏÖ¢¡±£¬´óÐÛ×¢ÒâÁ¦²»¼¯ÖС¢É¢ÂþÓÖÍÏÑÓ£¬ÅÖ»¢Ôò³å¶¯¡¢Ò×Å£¬Àä¾²²»ÏÂÀ´ [2]¡£×¢ÒâÁ¦ÕÏ°ÁìÓòȨÍþר¼Ò Edward M. Hallowell Ò²ÐÎÈÝ£¬ADHD »¼ÕßÊÇ¡°ÅܳµÒ»ÑùµÄ´óÄÔ£¬µ«Ö»ÓÐ×ÔÐгµµÄɲ³µÆ¬¡± [3]¡£ ¾Ý DSM-5£¬Ä¿Ç°ÓÐ18ÌõÖ¢×´¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ°ïÖúÕï¶Ï ADHD£¬°üÀ¨¡°¾³£ÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îÖн¡Íü¡±¡°¾³£×øÁ¢²»°²¡±¡°¾³£ÄÑÒÔ±£³Ö×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯ÖС±µÈ [1]¡£ ¿´µ½ÕâÀ¿Ï¶¨ºÜ¶àÈ˾õµÃ×Ô¼ºÆµÆµ¡°ÖÐǹ¡±£¬»ù±¾È·Õï¡£ µ«Æäʵ£¬È·ÈÏ ADHD ²¢²»ÐèÒªÍêÈ«·ûºÏËùÓÐÖ¢×´£¬Èç¹ûÖ¢×´³ÖÐøʱ¼ä³¬¹ý6¸öÔ£¬¶ÔÓÚ17Ëê»òÒÔÉÏÈËȺ£¬·ûºÏ5Ìõ»òÒÔÉϵĿÉÒÔ¿¼ÂÇ ADHD£¬¶ÔÓÚ16Ëê¼°ÒÔ϶ùͯ£¬·ûºÏ6Ìõ»òÒÔÉϵĿÉÒÔ¿¼ÂÇ ADHD [1]¡£ ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ÉÏÊöÕï¶Ï±ê×¼ÖеıíÊöÆäʵ¶¼±È½ÏÄ£ºý¡£ÔõÑùµÄƵÂÊËã¡°¾³£¡±£¿ÕâЩ֢״ÊÇ·ñÒѾµ½ÁËÓ°ÏìÕý³£Éú»îµÄ³Ì¶È£¿ËùÒÔ¼´±ãÄã³öÏÖÁËͼÖеĶà¸öÖ¢×´£¬×îÖÕÒÀÈ»ÐèҪרҵµÄÒ½ÉúÆÀ¹Àºó²ÅÄÜϽáÂÛ¡£ ×÷ΪһÖÖÉñ¾·¢ÓýÕÏ°£¬ADHD ¾øûÓе½Äܹ»È˾ùÈ·ÕïµÄµØ²½£¬µ«Æä·¢²¡ÂÊÒ²²»ËãµÍ¡£Ò»ÏîÈ«ÇòÐÔϵͳ×ÛÊöºÍÜöÝÍ·ÖÎöÏÔʾ£¬³ÉÈË ADHD ÏÖ»¼ÂÊԼΪ6.76% [4]¡£±ÈÆðÀÏÄêÈË£¬ÄêÇáÈ˸üÈÝÒ×Õï¶Ï³ö ADHD¡£ÔÚ³ÉÄêÈËÖУ¬18-24ËêµÄ ADHD »¼²¡ÂÊ×î¸ß£¬´ïµ½8.99% [4]¡£ ¶ÔÖйú³ÉÄê ADHD »¼ÕßµÄÑо¿»¹±È½ÏÉÙ£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐÀàËƵĽáÂÛ¡£¡¶µ±´úÐÄÀíѧ¡·ÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢±íµÄһƪÂÛÎĵ÷²éÁ˹úÄÚ7366Ãû³ÉÄêÈË£¬·¢ÏÖ ADHD »¼²¡ÂÊΪ6.7% [5]¡£ ´óѧÉúµÄ¼ì³öÂÊÀ´µÃ¸ü¸ß¡£ÖÐÄÏ´óѧµÄÒ»ÏîÑо¿µ÷²éÁ˳¤É³ÊÐ8080Ãû´óѧÉú£¬·¢ÏÖÓÐ7.2% µÄѧÉú±»Õï¶ÏΪ ADHD£¬ÄÐÉú¼ì³öÂÊ£¨8.9%£©Òª¸ßÓÚÅ®Éú£¨5.9%£©[6]¡£¸´µ©´óѧ¶ÔÉϺ£ÊиßУµÄÎʾíµ÷²é½áÂÛÏàËÆ£¬±»µ÷²é´óѧÉú ADHD Ö¢×´ÑôÐÔÂÊΪ7.8£¥£¬ÒѾ²»ÊÇÒ»¸öСÊýÄ¿ [7]¡£ µÃ ADHD£¬ÆäʵºÜÍ´¿à
¶à¶¯¡¢²»×¨ÐÄ£¬¿´ÆðÀ´Ö»ÊÇÈËÈ˶¼¿ÉÄÜÓеÄÎÞÉË´óÑŵÄС벡£¬µ«Æäʵ¶Ô ADHD »¼ÕßÀ´ËµÊǺÜÍ´¿àµÄ£¬Ôì³ÉµÄÓ°ÏìÒ²¹ã·ºÇÒÉîÔ¶¡£ ×îÍ»³öµÄÊÇ ADHD Ó°Ïìµ½ÁËÆÕͨÈ˵ġ°Éç»á»¯¡±¹ý³Ì¡£ÒòΪעÒâÁ¦ÄÑÒÔ¼¯ÖлòÊǶද£¬¶ùͯ ADHD »¼ÕßÍùÍùѧϰ³É¼¨Âäºó£¬ÄÑÒÔÍê³Éѧҵ¡£¶ÔÓÚ³ÉÄêÈ˶øÑÔ£¬ÔòÊǹ¤×÷ÈÝÒ×´ÖÐÄ·¸´í£¬ÄÑÒÔÍê³ÉÒµ¼¨£¬Éú»îÒ²»ìÂÒÎÞÐò¡£ ÕâÖÖ×´¿ö»¹ÈÃËûÃǺÜÄѱ»Àí½â£¬ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܲ¢²»ÊǹÊÒâµ·ÂÒ¡¢ÍÏÑÓ£¬Ò²²»ÊDz»ÓÃÐÄ£¬¶øÊÇÉúÀíÉÏ×ö²»µ½¡£½¥½¥µØ£¬ADHD »á´øÀ´Ò»ÏµÁÐÁ¬Ëø·´Ó¦¡£ÒòΪ×Ô¼ºÔâÓöµÄ´ì°ÜÓëÉí±ßÈ˵ÄÔ𱸣¬ÄÑÒÔ»ñµÃЧÄÜ¸ÐµÄ ADHD »¼Õ߾͸üÈÝÒ×½¹ÂÇ¡¢ÒÖÓô¡£ ˹µÂ¸ç¶ûĦ´óѧµÄÑо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬ADHD ȺÌå»áÃæÁÙןü´óµÄÉç»áѹÁ¦¡¢¸ü¶àµÄѹÁ¦Ô´£¬ÕâЩ·´¹ýÀ´ÓÖ¿ÉÄÜ»á½øÒ»²½¼ÓÖØËûÃǵÄÖ¢×´±íÏÖ [8]¡£ ¸ù¾Ý¡¶Öйú³ÉÈË×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°Õï¶ÏºÍ ÖÎÁÆ ×¨¼Ò¹²Ê¶£¨2023°æ£©¡·£¬²»ÉÙ³ÉÈË ADHD »¼Õß»¹»áͬʱÔâÊÜÒÖÓôÖ¢¡¢½¹ÂÇÖ¢¡¢Ë¯ÃßÕÏ°µÈ¼²²¡À§ÈÅ£¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÄÜÔö¼Ó×ÔɱÒâÄîºÍ×ÔɱÐÐΪ [9]¡£ ¶øÇÒ£¬ADHD ´øÀ´µÄÓ°ÏìÍùÍù»á³ÖÐøºÜ¾Ã¡£¸ù¾Ý±±¾©´óѧҽѧ³ö°æÉçµÄ¡¶×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°¡·Ò»Ê飬30%~50% µÄ»¼¶ùÖ¢×´»áÒ»Ö±³ÖÐøµ½³ÉÄê [10]¡£ Ä¿Ç°£¬Ò½Ñ§½ç»¹Ã»ÓÐÍêȫŪÇå³þ ADHD µÄ²¡Àí»úÖÆ¡£Ò»ÖÖ¿ÉÄܵļÙ˵ÊÇ´óÄÔµ¥°·ÀàÉñ¾µÝÖÊ£¬±ÈÈç¶à°Í°·¡¢È¥¼×ÉöÉÏÏÙËع¦ÄÜʧµ÷ [9]¡£ ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö±íÏÖÊÇ´óÄÔÖÐÓиü¶àµÄ¶à°Í°·×ªÔ˵°°×£¬Ê¹µÃ¶à°Í°·¹ý¿ìµØ´Ó×÷Óò¿Î»±»ÒƳý [11]¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ADHD »¼ÕßÄÔÖлòÐí¿ÉÒÔÕý³£µØÉú³É¶à°Í°·£¬µ«¶à°Í°··¢»Ó×÷ÓõÄʱ¼ä±äÉÙÁË¡£ ËûÃÇ×ÜÊÇÈÝÒ×±»ÐÂÏÊÊÂÎïÎüÒý£¬µ«³ÖÐøʱ¼ä¶Ì£¬ºÜ¿ìÓÖÈÝÒ׸е½ÎÞÁÄÑá¾ë¡£ÕâÒ²ÊÇΪʲô²»¶ÏˢеĶÌÊÓƵ¡¢½±ÀøƵ·±µÄµç×ÓÓÎÏ·µÈ¸üÈÝÒ×Èà ADHD »¼ÕßÉÏñ«¡£ ËùÒÔ£¬ADHD »¼Õß¿ÉÄÜ¿´ÉÏÈ¥ºÜÐË·Ü»îÆ㬵«²¢²»¿ìÀÖ¡£ ÈÕ±¾¹úÁ¢¾«ÉñÎÀÉúÑо¿Ëù¡¢Ë¹µÂ¸ç¶ûĦ½¡¿µÓëÉç»á±ä¸ïÖÐÐĵȻú¹¹µÄÒ»ÏîÁªºÏÑо¿ÖУ¬¶Ô³ÉÈËÊÜ·ÃÕß°´ ADHD Ö¢×´µÄÇáÖس̶ȽøÐдò·Ö£¬µÃ·ÖÔ½¸ßµÄÊÜ·ÃÕߣ¬ ±íÏÖ³öµÄ ADHD Ö¢×´Ô½ÑÏÖØ¡£ ¸ÃÑо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬ÊÜ·ÃÕߵĵ÷ÖÔ½¸ß£¬¾ÍÔ½¾õµÃ×Ô¼º²»ÐÒ¸£¡£µÃ·Ö×îµÍµÄÄÇ×éÊÜ·ÃÕߣ¬43.6% µÄÈ˶¼¾õµÃ×Ô¼º¡°·Ç³£¿ìÀÖ¡±£¬¶øÔڵ÷Ö×î¸ßµÄ×é±ðÖУ¬ÕâÒ»±ÈÀýÖ»ÓÐ10.9% [12]¡£ ÕâÖÖ¼²²¡»¹ÄÑÒÔ±ÜÃ⣬Ö÷ÒªÓÉÒÅ´«ÒòËؾö¶¨¡£2015Äê°æ¡¶Öйú×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°·ÀÖÎÖ¸ÄÏ¡·Ìáµ½£¬Ë«Éú×ÓÑо¿·¢ÏÖ ADHD µÄÒÅ´«¶ÈԼΪ80% [9]¡£ Èç½ñ£¬¶ùͯ ADHD ÒѾÓú·¢µÃµ½¼Ò³¤ÃǵÄÖØÊÓ¡£µ«³ÉÈË ADHD È´ÊÇҽѧ½ç³¤Æڵġ°Ã¤Çø¡±¡£ ¾Ý¹«Òæ×éÖ¯¡°ÇàÉÀ Aspie¡±ÕûÀí£¬È«¹ú·¶Î§ÄÚ¿ÉÕï¶Ï³ÉÈË ADHD/ASD£¨ASD Ö¸¹Â¶ÀÖ¢Æ×ϵÕÏ°£©µÄÒ½ÔºÖ»ÓÐÔ¼80¼Ò£¬Ò»Ð©Ê¡·ÝÔÚÈ«Ê¡·¶Î§ÄÚ½öÓÐÒ»¼ÒÒ½ÔºÄܹ»Õï¶Ï [13]¡£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öʹµÃ³ÉÈË ADHD »¼ÕßµÄÍ´¿à¾³£±»ºöÊÓ¡£ ×¢ÒâÁ¦Ï½µ£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇÍæÊÖ»úÍæµÄ
³ýÁËÒѾ±»È·ÕïµÄ ADHD »¼ÕßÒÔÍ⣬¶ÔÓÚÆäËûºÜ¶à³ÉÄêÈ˶øÑÔ£¬ËäÈ»»¹Î´È·Õ»òÕß֢״ûÓе½ ADHD ÄÇÑùÑÏÖØ£¬µ«ÎÞ·¨¼¯ÖÐ×¢ÒâÁ¦µÄ¿àÄÕÒѾÕæʵ´æÔÚ¡£ ÌرðÊÇÉÏ°àºó£¬ºÜ¶àÈËÒ»¶¨ÓÐÕâÑùµÄÌå»á£ºÎÄ»¯ÌåÁ¦²»×㣬¶Á²»½øÊ飬¿´²»½øµçÓ°£¬¹ýÈ¥°®ÍæµÄÓÎÏ·Ò²²»ÏãÁË£¬Ã¿ÌìÖ»ÄÜ¿¿Ë¢¶ÌÊÓƵºÍСijÊéÀ´´ò·¢Ê±¼ä¡£ºÜ¶à¹¤×÷Ò²×ÜÊÇÒªÍϵ½×îºóÒ»¿Ì£¬ÏÂÔØÁ˲»ÖªµÀ¶àÉÙ¸öרע App ºÍÓÃÀ´´ò¿¨µÄ To do list »¹ÊÇÎÞ¼ÃÓÚÊ¡£ ÔÚÉ罻ƽ̨ÉÏ£¬²»ÉÙ»³ÒÉ×Ô¼ºÓÐ ADHD µÄÍøÓѶ¼±í´ïÁËÀàËƵĿàÄÕ£¬ÆäÖкܵäÐ͵ÄÊÇ¡°Æô¶¯À§ÄÑ¡±¡£±ÈÈç¡°ÉÏ°à»Ø¼ÒÏ´Ô衱ÕâÑùÒ»¼þ¿´ËƼòµ¥µÄÊ£¬¶ÔÓںܶàÒÉËÆ ADHD µÄÈ˶øÑÔ£¬¾ÍÐèÒª·Ñ¾¡Á¦Æø£¬ÔÚɳ·¢ÉÏÌÉÉϼ¸Ð¡Ê±ºó²ÅÄÜÐж¯¡£ »¹ÓкÜÆÕ±éµÄ·³ÄÕÊÇ¡°ÔĶÁÀ§ÄÑ¡±£¬ÄÑÒÔÒ»´ÎÐÔÉãÈë½Ï³¤µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ¿ª»á£¬»¹ÊÇ¿´Îļþ£¬¶¼ÈÝÒ×·ÖÐÄ×ßÉñ¡£ Ö®ËùÒÔ»áÓÐÕâÖÖÏÖÏ󣬺ܿÉÄܺ͡°ÊÖ»ú³Éñ«¡±ÓÐÒ»¶¨¹ØÁª¡£ÍæÊÖ»ú¿´ËÆÊǸöÏ¡ËÉƽ³£µÄÏÖ´úÈ˱êÅäÐÐΪ£¬µ«ÒÑÓÐÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬Ê¹Óõç×ÓÉ豸ºÍ»¼ ADHD Ö®¼äÓÐÏà¹ØÐÔ¡£ ºÜ¶àÈ˼´Ê¹ÊÇÉϲÞËù»ò×ßÔÚ·ÉÏ£¬¶¼È̲»×¡ÒªË¢Ë¢ÊÖ»ú£¬¶øÇÒÖ»ÄÜÔĶÁËéƬ»¯ÐÅÏ¢£¬¶ÔÓÚ³¤ÊÓƵºÍ³¤ÎÄÕ¶¼ÊÇ¡°Ì«³¤²»¿´¡±£¬ÎÞ·¨¼¯ÖÐ×¢ÒâÁ¦¡£ Ò»ÏîÃæÏòÖйú7000¶àÃûÇàÉÙÄêµÄÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬Ã¿ÌìÍæÊÖ»ú³¬¹ý60·ÖÖÓÓë×¢ÒâÁ¦²»¼¯ÖÐÏÔÖøÏà¹Ø¡£µç×ÓÉ豸ʹÓöàÁË£¬²»½ö»á´øÀ´ÒÖÓôÖ¢·çÏÕ£¬ÈËÀàµÄÈÏÖª¹¦ÄܺÍ×¢ÒâÁ¦Ò²»áËæ×ÅÆÁĻʹÓÃʱ¼äÔö¶à¶øϽµ [14]¡£ ÁíÒ»ÏîÕë¶Ôѧǰ¶ùͯµÄÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬ÎåËê¼°ÒÔϵĺ¢×ÓÿÌì¿´µç×ÓÆÁÄ»µÄʱ¼äÈç¹û³¬¹ýÁ½¸öСʱ£¬±»Õï¶Ï³ö»¼ÓÐ ADHD µÈÓë×¢ÒâÁ¦Óйصļ²²¡µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔÒªÔö¸ß½ü °Ë±¶ [15]¡£ ¶ÔÓÚ³ÉÄêÈ˶øÑÔ£¬ËäÈ»Ïà¹ØÑо¿»¹²»Ì«¶à£¬µ«¼õÉÙʹÓÃÊÖ»úºÍËéƬ»¯ÔĶÁ¿ÉÄÜ»áÊǸöÌáÉý×¢ÒâÁ¦µÄ°ì·¨¡£ ÄÄÅÂÒѾÑÏÖØ»³ÒÉ×Ô¼ºÓÐ ADHD£¬Ò²²»ÓùýÓÚµ£ÐÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔÏÈÑ°ÇóרҵҽÉúµÄÕï¶Ï£¬ADHD ¿ÆÆÕÊ顶·ÖÐIJ»ÊÇÎÒµÄ´í¡·ÖУ¬×÷Õß Hallowell ¾ÍдµÀ£¬¡°Õï¶Ï¾ÍÊÇÏ£ÍûµÄÆ𲽡±£¬ÒòΪ¡°¶Ô×¢ÒâÁ¦È±Ê§Ö¢¶øÑÔ£¬Õï¶Ï±¾Éí¾ÍÊÇÖÎÁƵÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬Õï¶Ï´øÀ´¼«Ç¿µÄ½âÍѸУ¬±¾Éí¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½â·Å¡£¡± [16] Èç¹ûÕæµÄÈ·ÕADHD Ò²²¢·Ç¾øÖ¢¡£Ä¿Ç°Ò½Ñ§ÉÏÒѾ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÒ©ÎïÖÎÁÆ¡¢ÐÐΪÁÆ·¨ÒÔ¼°Éú»î·½Ê½µÄµ÷Õû½øÐиÄÉÆ [9]£¬Ðí¶à»¼ÕßÔÚͨ¹ý³ÖÐøµÄÖÎÁƺ󣬶¼ÄÜÏñÆÕͨÈËÒ»Ñù¹¤×÷Éú»î¡£ ¹é¸ùµ½µ×£¬ADHD ²»ÊÇʱÉе¥Æ·£¬µ«Ò²²»ÊǺéË®ÃÍÊÞ£¬Æ½³£ÐĶԴý¾ÍÊÇսʤÕâÒ»À§ÈŵĿªÊ¼¡£¶Ô»³ÒÉ×Ô¼ºÓÐ ADHD µÄÈ˶øÑÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄÜÄÍÐĶÁµ½ÕâÀÄǹ§Ï²Ä㣬ÄãºÜ¿ÉÄܲ»ÊÇ ADHD¡£
±¾ÎÄ¿ÆѧÐÔÒÑÓÉÅ®Íõ´óѧ²¡Àí¼°·Ö×Óҽѧ˶ʿ ÎéÀöÇà ÉóºË
²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ
[1] ÃÀ¹ú¾«Éñҽѧѧ»á. (2015). ¾«ÉñÕÏ°Õï¶ÏÓëͳ¼ÆÊֲᣨµÚÎå°æ£©. ±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç. [2] ˾ñRÀíÓ¢×Ó. (1997). ¤¤¤¸¤á¤Ã×Ó, ¤¤¤¸¤á¤é¤ì¤Ã×Ó¤Ïͬ¤¸ÐĤβ¡¤¬ÔÒò¤À¤Ã¤¿: ×¢ÒâÇ·êˆ?¶à„ÓÐÔÕϺ¦ (ADHD). Ö÷‹D¤ÎÓÑÉç. [3] °®µÂ»ª¡¤¹þÂåΤ¶û. (2023). ·ÖÐĵÄÓÅÊÆ. Õã½½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç. [4] Song, P., Zha, M., Yang, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Rudan, I. (2021). The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of global health, 11. [5] Yuan, D., Zhan, N., Wang, J., Geng, F., & Zhang, L. (2024). Prevalence and correlates for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its subtypes in a Chinese community-based sample. Current Psychology, 43(37), 29507-29515. [6] ³ÂÁÕ, ÐíÊ«çâ, & ÂÞѧÈÙ. (2020). ³¤É³ÊдóѧÉú×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°¼°Ó°ÏìÒòËØ. ÖйúѧУÎÀÉú. [7] Ô¬æÂ, Ê·»Û¾², ÏÄÖ¾¾ê, Õņ´, & ͯÁ¬. (2016). ´óѧÉú ADHD ÓëÎüÑÌ, Òû¾Æ, ²»°²È«ÐÔÐÐΪµÄ¹ØÁªÐÔÑо¿. ½ÌÓýÉúÎïѧÔÓÖ¾, 4(2), 79. [8] Hirvikoski, T., Lindholm, T., Nordenstr?m, A., Nordstr?m, A. L., & Lajic, S. (2009). High self-perceived stress and many stressors, but normal diurnal cortisol rhythm, in adults with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Hormones and behavior, 55(3), 418-424. [9] ÖлªÒ½Ñ§»á¾«Éñҽѧ·Ö»á, & ÖйúҽʦлᾫÉñ¿Æ·Ö»á. (2023). Öйú³ÉÈË×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°Õï¶ÏºÍÖÎÁÆר¼Ò¹²Ê¶£¨2023°æ£©. ÖлªÒ½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾, 2023, 103(28) : 2133-2144. [10] ÍõÓñ·ï. (2019). ×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°. ±±¾©´óѧҽѧ³ö°æÉç. [11] ÖÜÈÙÒ×, Âí±ûÏé, ÕÅÓÀæÃ, лÐÂÔÂ, Î⳿ÀÙ, & ¶¡Ñ©Ó±. (2023). »ùÓÚ¶à°Í°·È±ÏÝÀíÂÛµÄ×¢ÒâȱÏݶදÕÏ°·¢²¡»úÖÆÑо¿. ÖлªÊµÓöù¿ÆÁÙ´²ÔÓÖ¾, 2023, 38(8) : 623-628. [12] Stickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Takahashi, H., Ruchkin, V., Inoue, Y., Yazawa, A., & Kamio, Y. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and happiness among adults in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 265, 317-323. [13] ÇàÉÀAspie. (2024). ¹úÄÚ ADHD/ASD ³ÉÈË¿ÉÈ·ÕïµØͼ. Retrieved on Dec 4th, 2024 from https://qingshanasd.ourmirror.cn/medical-map/. [14] Zheng, F., Gao, P., He, M., Li, M., Wang, C., Zeng, Q., ... & Zhang, L. (2014). Association between mobile phone use and inattention in 7102 Chinese adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 14, 1-7. [15] Tamana, S. K., Ezeugwu, V., Chikuma, J., Lefebvre, D. L., Azad, M. B., Moraes, T. J., ... & Mandhane, P. J. (2019). Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study. PloS one, 14(4), e0213995. [16] °®µÂ»ª¡¤¹þÂåΤ¶û. (2011). ·ÖÐIJ»ÊÇÎҵĴí. ɽÎ÷½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç.